Part 1 阅读理解
Passage 1
Forty years ago, when Marilyn Loden gave a speech at the 1978 Women’s Exposition, she didn’t know that a phrase she came up with on that day would still be alive after all these years. “It seemed to me there was an invisible barrier (隐形的障碍) for promotions (升职) that people didn’t recognize,” Loden said at the expo when talking about how hard it was for women to climb the career ladder. And that barrier, according to her, could be summarized (总结) in one phrase – “glass ceiling”.
Since then, there has been major progress in gender equality. We’ve seen women achieving bigger and bigger things in cinema, education, politics (政治) and even business. But sadly, there’s one field that’s still run mainly by men: science.
That’s why it was inspiring when Zhang Miman, a professor at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was given a L’Oreal-UNESCO For Women in Science Award in 2018.
Zhang was honored for discoveries she made about the process of human evolution (进化). She is the sixth Chinese scientist to receive the award in its 20-year history of celebrating the achievements of women around the world.
According to China Daily, the number of women working in science around the world has increased by 12 percent in the past 20 years. But even so, the glass ceiling is still there. In fact, less than 30 percent of researchers are women, and only 3 percent of Nobel prizes for science have been awarded to women.
Choose the answer:
1. What does “glass ceiling” mean?
A. A ceiling that is made of glass.
B. A ceiling that can’t be seen by women.
C. The difficulty women have in being recognized for their work.
D. Something that women can’t recognize easily.
2. Why was it a big deal for Zhang Miman to receive the award?
A. Because she had worked hard for it.
B. Because it was her first award.
C. Because it recognized a woman’s achievements in science.
D. Because she was the first Chinese scientist to receive the award.
3. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Loden was never promoted because she is a woman.
B. Thirty percent of scientific discoveries were made by female scientists.
C. It usually takes about 20 years for women to succeed in their careers.
D. More women are starting to work in the field of science.
4. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Reasons why men and women should be treated equally.
B. The career barriers that women in science face.
C. What we can do to achieve gender equality.
D. How female scientists should be treated.
Passage 2
Can you imagine being able to learn about world history by looking at a coin with the head of Alexander the Great on it or a Chinese Ming dynasty banknote (钞票)? Or how about following mankind’s footsteps into modern culture by being able to see an Early Victorian tea set?
A History of the World in 100 Objects, a project by BBC Radio 4 and the British Museum, presents a history of the world through 100 items from the British Museum’s collection.
The objects, most of which are extremely valuable, have brought enjoyment to people all over the world. Those who are lucky enough to see the items in person are able to see the glory (辉煌) of history with their own eyes.
“These signals from the past speak of whole societies rather than single events, and tell of the world for which they were made, sometimes having meanings far beyond what their original (最初的) makers meant them to have,” Neil MacGregor, director of the British Museum, wrote in the project’s book.
I borrowed the book and read it. One item in particular stood out to me.
It was a mechanical galleon (机械帆船) – a kind of clock. Its design is based on the great European ships that sailed across the sea in the 1500s. During that period of time, technology was developing at a fast pace, and owning a scientific product was fashionable. The clock, a combination of the growth of technology and the desire (欲望) to explore other lands, is a perfect symbol of that age.
Choose the answer:
1. Why does the writer mention the coin in Paragraph 1?
A. To show what ancient people used to buy things.
B. To tell us why we should learn about world history.
C. To remind us that we can learn about history from old objects.
D. To compare it with a Chinese banknote.
2. According to MacGregor, what is the most valuable thing that the 100 objects tell us?
A. What they were made for.
B. What society was like in the past.
C. How they were made.
D. How their meanings have changed.
3. What does the writer think about the mechanical galleon?
A. It is more of a modern ship than an ancient one.
B. Its design is still fashionable today.
C. It should be stu***d carefully.
D. It is a perfect symbol of the 1500s.
4. What might be a good title for this passage?
A. World history seen in ancient items
B. The British Museum’s collection
C. A book about British history
D. Valuable objects of the world
Passage 3
A few weeks ago, my school’s ninth grade class went on a trip to the Black Country in England, UK, to learn about geography and history.
Many believe the name comes from the 1840s because of the soot (煤烟) put out by factories at that time. There is also a 10-meter-thick coal seam (煤层) close to the ground’s surface in Black Country.
The aim of this trip was to prepare us for a geography project about rivers. We also learned more about the history of England during the Industrial Revolution.
On the first day of our trip, we went to Carding Mill Valley near Birmingham and learned about the changes that can happen to a river as it flows downstream. Our teacher had given us a few lessons on how rivers work before the trip, so we were well-prepared for the project we had to do.
The next day, we went to the famous Black Country Museum where we learned about coal mining and the lives of the people who lived during the Industrial Revolution. A highlight (亮点) of the day was when we visited a coal mine (煤矿) and watched a skilled craftsman (工匠) make iron chain links.
The trip was truly satisfying. I like how we got the opportunity to experience what we learned in class and practice it in real life. It was a useful way to get us more interested in what we were learning about. It also showed us the importance of the journey while learning something new.
阅读短文，根据文章内容完成下列表格信息。
A class 1. _________ to the Black Country
2. ________Black Country got its name
It is believed that it got its name from the soot coming from factories at that time.
Why they went there
To get them 3. _________ for a geography project about rivers.
Which places they visited
Day 1: Carding Mill Valley
Day 2: 4. _________ and a coal mine
What they 5. ________
How rivers work;
6. _________ that can happen to a river as it flows downstream;
Knowledge about coal mining;
What people’s 7. _________ were like during the Industrial Revolution.
What the writer thinks about the experience
It helps us 8. _________ what we have learned in real life.
It made us become more
9. _________ in what we were learning about.
It showed that the journey is
10. _________ when we are learning new things.
Passage 4
There have been nine secretary-generals (秘书长) of the United Nations since the first one was named in 1946. But somehow, Kofi Annan has been the one that people remember the best.
Perhaps it’s the fact that Annan, born in Ghana, was the first black African to ever hold the job, or that he won a Nobel Peace Prize in 2001. Or, most likely, as The New York Times put it, Annan “redefined (重新定义) the UN”.
Annan, who passed away on Aug 18, 2018 at age 80, spent 10 years of his life as UN secretary-general.
During those 10 years – from 1997 to 2006 – the world was at its worst. This period saw the NATO bombing (轰炸) of Yugoslavia (***) in 1999, the Sept 11 attacks of 2001, and the US invasion (侵略) of Iraq in 2003.
On its own, the UN has little power. However, Annan combined that power with his own to achieve great things. He kept the world from falling apart from attacks and wars. He also fought for women’s rights and children’s right to education, and fought against the spread of HIV in Africa.
It was because of these things that he and the UN were awarded a Nobel Peace Prize in 2001 for their work toward “a better organized and a more peaceful world.” Antonio Guterres, the current secretary-general of the UN, once said himself: “In many ways, Kofi Annan was the UN.”
Choose the answer:
1. According to Paragraph 2, what is the most likely reason for Annan to be remembered?
A. He was the first UN secretary-general.
B. He won a Nobel prize.
C. He was a black African.
D. He gave the UN a different image.
2. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Yugoslavia was attacked by NATO in 1997.
B. Iraq was invaded by the UK in 2003.
C. Annan was UN secretary-general from 1997 to 2006.
D. The UN became more powerful because of Annan’s efforts.
3. What is the second-to-last paragraph about?
A. How Annan dealt with attacks and wars.
B. How Annan improved conditions in Africa.
C. What Annan did as UN secretary-general.
D. What Annan did for women and children.
4. What do we know from the passage?
A. Secretary-generals are not usually remembered.
B. The present UN secretary-general spoke highly of Annan.
C. Annan was the first black man to win the Noble Peace Prize.
D. The UN was not organized and peaceful before Annan came into power.
Passage 5
Like a locomotive (火车头) leads the direction of a train, some historical figures can pull society in a direction of their choosing. Wang Shouren (1472-1529), also known as Wang Yangming, is one such influential person. He lived during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).
To mark the 490th anniversary of his death in 2019, people in his hometown Zhejiang paid tribute (祭拜) in the rain.
As the son of a successful official, he received a fairly good education. Wang wanted to follow the ideas of Song Dynasty scholar Zhu Xi. He was interested in “the investigation (调查) of things”, looking for a pattern of the universe (宇宙) in natural things. Wang once sat quietly in front of bamboo trees, trying to find their thoughts. But after seven days, Wang fell ill.
Wang decided that Zhu’s method to achieve enlightenment (顿悟) was not practical. So he started to develop his own theory, trying to bring together knowledge and action. In his eyes, liangzhi (良知), or innate (内在的) knowledge, suggests that we already have the knowledge we need.
“To ‘gain’ means to get in the mind.” Wang thought it was only through simultaneous (同步的) action that one could gain knowledge.
He brought the philosophy of Neo-Confucians (新儒家思想) to life, encouraging people to look for “true learning”. This would lead to the realization of the self. Years later, Wang’s ideas continue to influence people. His philosophy encourages us to gain a true understanding of ourselves and our relationship with the world so that we can live up to what we can be.
Choose the answer:
1. What does the underlined word “influential” mean?
A. important B. historical
C. interesting D. brave
2. Why did Wang sit in front of bamboo trees?
A. To test Zhu Xi’s ideas.
B. To gain knowledge about trees.
C. To look for his own method of learning.
D. To find the trees’ thoughts.
3. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. A single person can’t influence a whole dynasty.
B. Wang was born poor and received little education.
C. Wang followed the teachings of Zhu Xi all his life.
D. Wang believed that one can gain knowledge from action.
4. What might be a good title for this passage?
A. Famous historical figures
B. A great philosopher of the Ming dynasty
C. How we remember a great philosopher
D. How we can gain knowledge
Part 2 词句训练
一、根据句意，用方框中所给的单词或短语的正确形式填空。
fight for, opportunity, live up to, interesting, happen
1. The new president of the university is trying his best to ____________ his students’ expectations.
2. Guess what will ____________ when you are sick and refuse to go to the hospital?
3. I hope they will continue to ____________ equal rights for women.
4. It seems like he’s only ____________ in what he can gain from the project.
5. The trip was a good ____________ for us to learn more about nature, especially plants.
二、根据所给汉语完成下列句子，每空词数不限。
6. 看到他的书给孩子们带去愉悦，他感到很荣幸。
He ____________ see the enjoyment that his books brought to children.
7. 好看的花可以让你的房间充满生气。
Beautiful flowers can ____________ your room back ____________.
8. 我们鼓励所有的学生去追求自己的梦想。
We ____________ all students to chase their dreams.
9. 不要总是听从别人的观点，要学会倾听自己内心的声音。
Do not just ____________ of others, but learn to listen to the voice within yourself.
10. 昨晚，隔壁房间的噪音让我无法入睡。
The noise from the next room ____________ me from sleeping last night.
Part 3 书面表达
历史上，许多的人都曾经对社会的发展产生重大影响。请根据表格内容，写一篇 80 词左右的短文，介绍***先生。
人物：***(Sun Yatsen)
成就： ***(the Republic of China) 的建立者，是伟大的民族英雄、爱国主义者。
生平事迹：1892年他大学毕业，开始在广州行医，两年后开始他的政治生涯(a political career)。
他想要结束帝制，但多次尝试都失败了。然而，他并没有放弃，经过坚持不懈的斗争，辛亥革命(the Revolution of 1911) 终于成功。
启示： ……
答案与解析：
Part 1 阅读理解
Passage 1
【文章大意】虽然女性在影视、教育等领域已取得重要的成就，但在科学领域，男性还是占据了主导地位。
1. C。细节理解题。根据第一段中 Loden 所说的话以及最后一句可知，glass ceiling 指的是女性在职业生涯中所遭遇的障碍。
2. C。推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，在科学上，男性还是占主导地位。正因如此，第三段首句才会说她得奖是一件振奋人心的事情。第四段又进一步补充说这是庆祝女性在科学上所取得的成就。
3. D。细节理解题。根据最后一段的第1句可知，在过去的20年间，科技领域的女***数量增加了百分之十二。
4. B。主旨大意题。根据全文的内容可以知道，本文主要讲述了女性在职场上遭遇的不平等待遇，尤其是在科学领域。
Passage 2
【文章大意】《大英博物馆世界简史》是由英国广播公司和大英博物馆共同发起的项目，用100件文物，讲述人类200万年历史。
1. C。 意图推测题。从第一段可知，作者提到过去的硬币、钞票和茶具，都是意在说明通过它们可知了解到历史。
2. B。细节理解题。 根据第四段引言可知，MacGregor 表示这些文物不是单纯地向我们展示一个孤立的事件或是它们原本的功用，而是向我们展示了整个社会的历史全貌。
3. D。细节理解题。从最后一段作者对这件文物的介绍尤其最后一句的描述可知，它是十六世纪科技和人们探索欲望的结合体，很好地展示了那个时代的风貌。
4. A。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了《大英博物馆世界简史》这个项目中列举的文物和其背后的历史意义。
Passage 3
【文章大意】文章介绍了作者去英国 Black Country 游学的经历。这次旅程给作者和同学们提供了学以致用的机会，让他们学到了很多有用的知识。
1. trip 2. How
3. ready/prepared 4. Black Country Museum
5. learned 6. Changes
7. lives 8. practice
9. interested 10. important
Passage 4
【文章大意】本文介绍了***前任秘书长安南，尤其是他在任期间的成就。
1. D。细节理解题。从文章第二段最后一句可知，安南之所以被铭记最可能的原因是他重新定义了***。
2. C。细节理解加判断题。从第三段可知，安南在位十年，第四段首句表明那十年即从1997年到2006年。
3. C。归纳概括题。本段主要提及了安南在***权力有限的情况下依然在多方面取得了成就。
4. B。从文章最后一段的最后一句话，即现任***秘书长 Guterres 所说的话可知，他非常认可安南对***以及世界做出的贡献。
Passage 5
【文章大意】本文介绍了理学家王阳明在哲学上的贡献，他提出的“知行合一”、“致良知”、“心即理”等理论对后世产生了巨大的影响。
1. A。推理判断题。从文章第一段第 1 句话可知，有些人会影响社会的发展，而第 2 句说王阳明即是这样一个人。
2. D。细节理解题。从第三段第 4 句可知，他是为了寻找竹子的思想。
3. D。细节理解题。从文章内容可知，王阳明出身很好，受到良好教育。他后来放弃了追随朱熹的想法，开始形成自己的理论。他认为获得知识的唯一途径是通过行动。
4. B。主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了哲学家王阳明，尤其是他的理论成就。
Part 2 词句训练
一、1. live up to 2. happen 3. fight for 4. interested 5. opportunity
二、6. was honored to 7. bring... to life 8. encourage 9. follow the ideas 10. kept
Part 3 书面表达
One possible version:
Sun Yatsen, who was the founder of the Republic of China, was a great leader.
Educated as a student in medicine, Sun became a doctor in Guangzhou after graduation in 1892. He started his political career two years later.
He wanted to end the Qing Dynasty. He failed many times. However, he didn’t give up, no matter how difficult the situation was. Eventually, the Revolution of 1911 succeeded.
I have learned a lot from his experience. If we want to succeed, we must be determined and work toward our goals step by step.